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The Canine brucellosis is caused by the bacterium Brucella canis.

• It is a zoonotic and largely reproductive STD disease of dogs. 
• The disease is a recognized problem in canine breeding populations, and the risk to individuals assisting with birthing is well described. 
• Prior to 2015, all cases of canine brucellosis reported to the Minnesota Board of Animal Health were in dogs used for breeding. 
• In 2015, canine brucellosis was identified in eight Minnesota rescue dogs, all originating from specific geographic areas in South Dakota. 
• The seroprevalence of B. canis in stray and previously owned dogs entering a large Minnesota animal rescue organization was determined.
•  A stratified random sample of stray and previously owned dogs entering the largest Minnesota animal rescue organization between November 1, 2016 and November 7, 2017, was tested for B. canis antibodies by the 2-Mercaptoethanol Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (2ME-RSAT) (Zoetis d-TEC® CB kit) or Bionote (Genprice Inc.)
• Sample sizes for each strata were calculated using previously published seroprevalence estimates.
• Blood from selected dogs was collected, serum harvested, and transported to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for testing. Positive samples in the 2ME-RSAT were shipped to Cornell University for confirmation by Agarose Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) testing. 
• Demographics, state and setting of origin, and health status were collected on study-dogs. Results Of the 10,654 dogs accepted by AHS during the study period, 943 (8.9%) were selected for testing. Most study dogs arrived from Oklahoma (28%), Alabama (18%), and Minnesota (12%). 
• The median age of study dogs was 1.5 years; 303 (32%) were intact males and 294 (31%) were intact females. Most study dogs were strays (n = 716, 76%). Of the total, 22 (3.1%) stray and eight (3.5%) owner-surrendered dogs were presumptively positive by RSAT; one (0.11%) of the stray dogs was positive by 2ME-RSAT and confirmed by AGID. 
• The positive dog was a healthy-appearing 1 year-old neutered male beagle from Texas. Conclusions The seroprevalence of canine brucellosis in dogs entering Minnesota for adoption from multiple states was low. Never-the-less, care must to be taken to consider all potential risks and outcomes of interstate and international dog trade, including the spread of infectious diseases such as canine brucellosis.

When did Bionote start producing diagnostic tests?

Animal Genetics began as the Veterinary division of Standard Diagnostics, Inc. in 2000 and recently changed its corporate name to Bionote, Inc. Standard Diagnostics www.standardia.com is one of the largest companies in human in vitro diagnostics in the world. It was later established as the sister company of Standard Diagnostics in 2003.

Where is Animal Genetics' biologics production laboratory located?

The Bionote Laboratory is located in the Gyenggi-do Province, the most populous in South Korea. Seoul is located in the heart of this province. This new state-of-the-art Bionote complex is regulated by the Korean Government's Ministry of Agriculture.

Under what quality standards does Bionote operate?

All our production processes are certified under the ISO9001 (TUV) standard.

What is Bionote's production capacity?

Bionote produces a total of 26 million tests per year.

In how many countries does Bionote have a presence?

Bionote is present in more than 90 countries around the world and continues to expand its network of distributors.

What types of diagnostic tests does Bionote produce?

Bionote produces rapid Immunochromatography tests, ELISA tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. It has its own technology for Colloidal Gold Conjugates, Recombinant Antigens and Monoclonal Antibodies. At the moment in Mexico, only rapid Immunochromatography tests are distributed.

What is the difference between rapid tests, PCR and ELISA?

Immunochromatography tests are rapid tests that can be performed in veterinary clinics or at the field level at a lower time and cost than PCR and Elisa tests.

What method is used in Bionote rapid tests?

The principle of the Bionote rapid tests is the chromatographic immunoassay. By means of the antigens or antibodies captured on a microcellulose membrane, specific antigens or antibodies can be detected in a sample quickly. They can be used in the detection of various viruses or bacteria. Once the sample is added to the device window, the sample migrates through the membrane; the antigen or antibody in the sample reacts with the capture material on the membrane. The control line shows that the test is working properly.

In which cases are rapid diagnostic tests indicated?

Although PCR tests are the most sensitive, they are limited in their use because they require sophisticated laboratory equipment. Rapid tests are a very convenient tool for accurate diagnosis, fast and easy to use.

Do Bionote rapid tests need to be refrigerated?

Our tests can be stored at room temperature between 2º and 30º. In extreme cases and when ambient temperatures exceed 30º they should be refrigerated. In this case, before using the tests, it is recommended to remove them from the refrigerator to temper them for a period of 10 to 15 minutes.

How long do rapid tests take to provide results?

Most of our tests require 10-15 minutes to display results. Some that detect antibodies take 20 minutes.

What factors affect the test result?

Improper sample collection, incorrect storage, inadequate quantity, or incorrect procedure may affect the result. Especially the speed of dripping on the device and the volume poured are very important. The sample should be placed drop by drop with a 2 to 5 second interval between each drop. If too much sample is taken with the swab, the diluents become dense. These denser diluents hinder the migration of fluids into the device. Therefore, optimal sample collection is recommended. The best amount of samples slightly stains the surface of the swab.

Are the results valid after the time indicated for each test has passed?

The readings of the results after the time indicated for each test has elapsed, are not valid. The components of the devices are denatured after the indicated times have elapsed. It is recommended to repeat the test with a new device to ensure that the result is correct.

What should I do if, when running my test, the control line or the control line do not stain or neither stain?

In either case it means that the test is invalid. Due to some problem derived from the inappropriate handling of the test or the incorrect development of the procedure, the test did not give correct results. In this case, an incident report must be filed (found in the service section of the page) to send it to a distributor to evaluate and provide a solution.

Can I use another diluent or swab for my tests?

Each test contains its swab, dropper and diluent or buffer; in the case of the swab and dropper you could use another one as long as they are totally sterilized, in the case of the buffer you cannot use another one unless it is from the same test since each reagent contains its antibodies or antigens depending on what is being tested looking for which, when using another, the test would not read it or the result would simply be wrong.