ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

this is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the concentration of proteins, antibodies, or hormones in a sample. It's commonly used in medical and research settings to detect the presence of a specific substance in blood or other bodily fluids.

ELISA test kits are commercially available products that contain all the necessary reagents and materials for performing an ELISA assay. These kits typically include a microtiter plate with wells coated with a specific protein or antigen, buffers and wash solutions for preparing the sample and reagents, and a detection system (such as a labeled antibody or enzyme) for detecting the presence of the target protein or antibody. The user simply follows the instructions provided with the kit to perform the assay, and the resulting signal (usually a color change) can be measured to determine the concentration of the target substance in the sample.

ELISA test kits are widely used in diagnostic and research settings because they are relatively simple and inexpensive to perform, and they can provide rapid and sensitive results. They are commonly used to detect and measure the presence of antibodies in blood (such as HIV or hepatitis), hormones in blood or urine (such as thyroid hormones or pregnancy hormones), and proteins in tissue samples (such as cytokines or growth factors).